This chapter presents a literature review and conceptual study of 3D printing of concrete in lean and sustainability perspectives.
Three research questions are addressed. (1) What are expected challenges in practical applications of 3D printing of concrete; (2) To what extent can 3D printing of concrete support lean construction principles; (3) What are possible sustainability implications from applications of 3D printing of concrete in the construction sector?
On the first question, we find that there are still a number of challenges that need to be addressed to move 3D printing from test sites to integrated use in construction projects. The integration of a 3D printer in the building process is then investigated using scenarios; façade elements and self-insulating wall elements.
On the second question, we find that lean techniques provide for coordination and good information flow. If the information flow and planning process is taken care of in this manner, 3D printing can be successfully integrated into most larger construction processes and support sustainability in the construction sector.
Regarding the third question, 3D printing can contribute to achieving several UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), for example through the reduction of waste and more efficient use of natural resources, which is also related to the objective of lean construction. This means that lean appears to be a suitable approach for sustainable construction, and this paper discusses how 3D can be used as a technology to support the ambition of moving the construction industry in a more sustainable direction.
